Werther j, hartge eu 2004 a population balance model of the particle inventory in a fluidizedbed reactorregenerator system. Control of a fluidized bed polyethylene reactor vahidi, omid. A particular focus is to describe the relationship between catalyst attrition, solids recovery in the reactor system and chemical performance of the fluidized bed reactor. Diy brick rocket stove cooking without power duration. A fluidized bed reactor was designed and constructed for practical demonstration of the fluidization of solid particles at different fluid flow rates. Electrochemical antiscaling treatment using a fluidized bed. In fluidization process, hot air is introduced at high. The pilot has a fluidized bed reactor with an internal diameter of 0. Fluidized bed reactors parr fluidized bed reactors are used extensively in the chemical process industries. Electrochemical engineering techniques use reactors called electrochemical reactors for the process of cleaning and recovery of heavy metals from industrial.
The electrochemical dissolution of copper sulfides using. Fluidization occurs when small solid particles are suspended in an upwardflowing stream of fluid, as shown in figure r12. Electrochemical ionexchange regeneration and fluidized. Electrochemical reactors are used as monopolar or bipolar designs fig. The closedloop process eliminates the creation of waste brine solutions that are normally produced when regenerating ionexchange media. The distinguishing feature of a fluidized bed reactor is that the bed of solid particles or catalyst is supported by an up flow of gas. The reactor in consideration is a fluidized bed electrochemical reactor, with rectangular geometry and. An extended surface area electrode for an electrochemical cell is provided by causing a bed of conducting particles to be expanded in the form of a fluidized bed by controlled upward flow of electrolyte through an electrode chamber containing currentcarrying conducting means which makes contact with the fluidized bed. Fluidized bed reactors have been used and design for different physical and chemical process for example, catalytic cracking, fluid transportation. Fluidizedbed electrochemical reactors fbers are attractive for their capacity and operability in many fields of electrochemical technology, especially in the treatment of dilute or complicated solutions. The industrial thermochemical conversion itc group provides expertise in thermochemical conversion processes that involve multiphase particulate flows and fluidized bed systems. Fluidized bed electrodesfundamental measurements and. Arrangement of reactor must reflect needs of desired application.
As the chemical and fuel industries continue to improve efficiency for higher throughput processes, fluidized bed reactors have become a direct means for process intensification and new applications. The reactor features integrated heat recovery, a stable fluidization and combustion process, and integrated flue gas cleaning. The equipment works on a principle of fluidization of the feed materials. Unfortunately, they have some disadvantages, caused by the hydrodynamics of the movement of fluidizedbed particles. Fixed and fluidized beds university of california, berkeley. These pages were constructed to convey the importance of fluidized bed reactors fbrs in todays petroleum and chemical process industries. A comparative analysis of electrochemical cells containing fluidizedbed electrodes fbes is made. This work aim for a better fluidized bed electrochemical reactor performance using. Fluidized bed electrodes first attracted attention in the sixties,4 initially for. The chemical engineering approach to some electrochemical. Our expertise helps our clients develop, optimize, and troubleshoot their new and existing processes in the areas of coal, refinery. Design of fluidized bed electrochemical reactor for the.
Thus in this work, activated carbon regeneration was carried out in a fluidized electrochemical reactor to avoid the problem above. The effects of pore constriction on the behavior of. A novel 2 stage process for the separation and recovery of the cu, fe and s from chalcopyrite cufes,2 was investigated. Further, the electrochemical reactor was integrated in a fluidized bed for organic compound adsorption. One of the most studied systems, at moment, is the fluidized bed electrochemical reactor having a rectangular base. Scalingup of fluidizedbed electrochemical reactors. Cellulose was hydrolyzed to glucose by the cellulase.
We report in this work the results of the first steady state experiments conducted in a new pilot plant. This reactor provides easy loading and removal of catalyst. Mass transfer enhancement in a threephase fluidized bed electrochemical reactor. A fluidized bed is a physical phenomenon occurring when a quantity of a solid particulate substance usually present in a holding vessel is placed under appropriate conditions to cause a solidfluid mixture to behave as a fluid. When electrochemical reactors operate at high cell potential, the anodic.
Threedimensional electrodes, as fixed bed or fluidized bed, where electrochemical reactions are generated, are already used for a wide range of applications like metals removal and water treatments. Us4206020a electrochemical process using a fluidized. The effects of pore constriction on the behavior of electrochemical. This research investigated the use of an electrochemical system for regenerating ionexchange media and for promoting the crystallization of hardness minerals in a fluidized bed crystallization reactor fbcr. This is usually achieved by the introduction of pressurized fluid through the particulate medium. A fluidized bed is a sand bed through which air is blown vertically from bottom to top at a speed that keeps the individual sand particles floating. The fluidized bed reactor page university of washington. Bringing together industrial and academic expertise in fluidized and fixed bed systems. Fundamentals of fluidizedbed chemical processes presents a survey of the design, operation, and chemical processes of fluidizedbed reactors. In this type of reactor, a fluid gas or liquid is passed through a solid granular material usually a catalyst possibly shaped as tiny spheres at high enough velocities to suspend the solid and cause it to behave as though it were a fluid.
Apart from this, this investigation has an advantage of assisting in engineering project design and scaleup. The movie below shows the operation of a fluidized bed reactor. They consist of a bed of immobilised enzyme which is fluidised by the rapid upwards flow of the substrate stream alone or in combination with a gas or secondary liquid stream, either of which may be inert or contain material relevant to the reaction. List advantages and disadvantages of fluidized beds. Before the reactor is started the catalyst pellets lie on a grate at the bottom of the reactor. Mass transfer enhancement in a threephase fluidized bed. Electrochemical reactors 2 arrangement of reactor must reflect needs of desired application reactor shape and material basic parts of electrochem. In recent years, the fluidized bed applications are extended for electrochemical processes such as electro oxidation, cathodic reduction and metal recovery from dilute solution. The modeled system schematized in figure 1, is a fluidized electrochemical bed reactor with a rectangular geometry and a perpendicular configuration, whose thickness, width, and height are represented by x, y, and z, respectively. The protective layer may be resistant to corrosion by fluidizing gases and siliconbearing gases. The itc group fixed and fluidized bed research and. Application of orthogonal collocation method to fluidised.
Continuous caocaoh2 fluidized bed reactor for energy. Reactants green and catalyst white enter the top of the reactor and move through the vessel. But, to our knowledge no electrochemical apparatus using a fluidized bed was already used as antiscaling device. Iran mirzaei, ahmad iran polymer and petrochemical institute, faculty of polymerization engineering, tehran, i. This results in the medium then having many properties and. Flow through a bed of particles response to superficial flow fluid does not impart enough drag to overcome. This is also applicable to electrochemical reactors for water treatment. Us8168123b2 fluidized bed reactor for production of high. Basic design of a fluidized bed reactor for wastewater.
The aerobic fluidized bed reactor was found to be more effective in treating the textile dyeing wastewater for a maximum cod removal of 83. In stage 1, cufes,2 particles are reduced in the catholyte chamber of a fluidized bed electrochemical reactor fber. A fluidized bed reactor fbr is a type of reactor device that can be used to carry out a variety of multiphase chemical reactions. In the present work a modelling approach is presented which is able to handle the most important aspects of industrial fluidized bed reactors. The substrate cellulose was hydrolyzed quantitatively with immobilized cellulase. The possibility of using fluidized bed electrodes for simplifying engineering problems encountered in scaling up electrochemical processes from a. Moving bed visual encyclopedia of chemical engineering. Unfortunately, they have some disadvantages, caused by the hydrodynamics of the movement of fluidized bed particles. Pdf a comparative analysis of electrochemical cells containing fluidizedbed electrodes fbes is made. A comparative analysis of electrochemical cells containing fluidized bed electrodes fbes is made. Fluidized bed electrochemical reactor has been demonstrated for organic pollutant degradation by zhou and wu 2004. The bed is made of highly conducting copper particles whose specific surface area is a. In case of monopolar design, the anode and cathode of a cell are immersed in the electrolyte.
The first chapter examines the basic physics of gassolid fluidization. Live simple, live free tinyhouse prepper recommended for you. The reactor bed consists of highly conductive electrical particles, fluidized by an electrolytic flux containing metallic ions. Use of fluidizedbed electrode reactors for alane production. Mass transfer in fluidised bed electrochemical reactors sciencedirect. Electrolytic reactor design, selection, and scaleup. Reactants are pumped into the reactor through a distributor continuously, causing the bed to become fluidized. Likewise, the successful application of fluidized bed reactors to highly exothermic oxidation processes, such as those cited above for the chemical process industries, is due to the ability of the reactor to control the exothermic reactions which are taking place. Water treatment by adsorption and electrochemical regeneration development of a liquidlift reactor a thesis submitted to the university of manchester for the degree of doctor of philosophy in the faculty of engineering and physical sciences dun liu school of chemical engineering and analytical science. Pdf scalingup of fluidizedbed electrochemical reactors. Kumar et al studies on the fluidized bed electrode. Fundamentals of fluidizedbed chemical processes 1st edition. Basic design of a fluidized bed reactor for wastewater treatment.
The final reaction product was identified as glucose. Immobilized cellulase was used in a fluidized bed reactor where the pressure drop of the fluidized bed reactor was low and constant. The animation below shows the operation of a movingbed reactor. Swri designs, constructs, and operates fluidized bed processes. Consequently, a detailed design of a fluidized bed reactor that would allow flexible operation at high temperature and high pressure at several gas velocities will be conducted in order to serve for the future development of new hydrodynamic models. The beds behavior after initial fluidization depends on the state of the. Evaluation of fluidized bed reactor in treating dyeing. Table i represents the variety of studies done on some pollutant degradation on fluidized bed reactor. Fluidized bed reactor chemical processes chemical reactor. Apply basic equations to compute pressure drop across the bed, the bed height and the diameter of the bed. Optimum mixing in the bed is achieved within specific velocity limits that are function of the particle size of bed material 22. Fluidized bed reactor basic mechanism, mass transfer in fluidized beds, reaction behaviour in a fluidized bed, mole balance on the bubble, the cloud, and the slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Fluidized bed reactor free download as powerpoint presentation.
Fluidised bed reactors london south bank university. The fluidized bed reactor danny lathouwers and josette bellan jet propulsion laboratory california institute of technology pasadena, ca 911088099 abstract a numerical study is performed in order to evaluate the performance and optimal operating condi. We report in this work the results of the first steady state experiments conducted in a new pilot plant designed to test the concept under realistic reactor conditions. Fluidized bed dryer also called fluid bed dryer is a kind of equipment used extensively in the pharmaceutical industries to reduce moisture content of pharmaceutical powder and granules. These reactors generally behave in a manner intermediate between cstrs and pbrs. The understanding of the flow regimes in fluidized bed reactors is the key for successful design and scaleup of these reactors. Regeneration of exhausted activated carbon in a fluidized. Werther j, hartge eu 2004 modeling of industrial fluidizedbed reactors. A fluidizedbed reactor was designed and constructed for practical demonstration of the fluidization of solid particles at different fluid flow rates. Methods and apparatus for the production of high purity silicon including a fluidized bed reactor with one or more protective layers deposited on an inside surface of the fluidized bed reactor. Moving bed reactors are catalytic reactors in which the catalyst moves through the reactor along with the reactants.
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